Foot fungus is a common condition that can cause discomfort, irritation and, in some cases, persistent infections if not properly cared for. There are two main types of foot fungus: athlete’s foot and toenail fungus. While both are caused by fungal organisms, generally dermophytes, that thrive in warm, moist environments, they affect different areas of the foot and appear in different ways. Understanding the symptoms, causes and proactive steps to take can help you protect your feet from foot fungus. Read on to learn more about these types of foot fungus and how to prevent them.

Athlete’s Foot (Tinea Pedis)

Perhaps the most well-known type of foot fungus is athlete’s foot (tinea pedis). It gets its name from the significant number of athletes who, because they spend a lot of time in sweaty sneakers and shared spaces like locker rooms and showers, have had tinea pedis. Athlete’s foot is highly contagious and often contracted when people walk barefoot in communal spaces that are warm and damp. While some people experience mild itching and redness, others may experience cracked, peeling skin or painful blisters. There are several ways athlete’s foot can present:

• Toe web: Moisture and warmth are often very high between the toes. For this reason, toe web infection is the most common type of athlete’s foot. It appears between the toes as a peeling rash that may cause an itching or burning sensation.
• Moccasin: When athlete’s foot affects the soles and sides of the feet, it’s called a moccasin-type infection. It gets its name because the skin becomes thick, and sometimes cracked, around the bottom and sides of the feet, resembling a moccasin shoe.
• Vesicular: This less common form of athlete’s foot causes sudden outbreaks of fluid-filled blisters. These blisters are typically on the soles of the feet, but can be found elsewhere, like in between the toes, and may be accompanied by itching, irritation or pain. 

Toenail Fungus (Onychomycosis)

Toenail fungus, or onychomycosis, is a slow-developing infection that most commonly affects the big toe. It often begins as a small white or yellow spot beneath the nail and gradually grows to cover more of the nail bed. Eventually, it can lead to discoloration, thickening or brittleness of the nail, or even cause nail separation. Because it starts small and develops slowly, it often goes unnoticed until it’s a more serious issue. 

While toenail fungus can occur on its own, it frequently occurs alongside athlete’s foot. It typically takes hold in moist conditions, like in sweaty shoes or socks, or after a nail injury. Toenail fungus is extremely persistent and notoriously difficult to treat, so it usually requires professional help to fully eliminate the infection.

Causes and Risk Factors

Foot fungus thrives in environments that are warm and moist, making sweaty shoes and socks the perfect breeding ground. Wearing shoes that are too tight or not breathable, not properly drying your feet, or walking barefoot in communal spaces, like gyms, showers and pool areas, are all risk factors for foot fungus. Sharing socks, shoes or nail tools can also increase your risk. Additionally, individuals with circulation issues, diabetes or weakened immune systems are more susceptible to foot fungal infections and should take extra precautions to prevent them.

Prevention Tips

Preventing foot fungus starts with good foot hygiene. Start by washing your feet daily and drying them thoroughly, especially between the toes. Keep toenails well-manicured, and never share nail tools. Choose breathable socks, like ones made from cotton or wool instead of nylon, and shoes. Avoid wearing shoes and socks for long periods of time, especially if they’re damp or tight-fitting. If you’re spending time in communal showers, locker rooms or pool areas, always wear sandals to protect your feet from coming into contact with fungal organisms. You can also use antifungal powders and sprays for further protection.

When to See a Podiatrist

If you have a foot fungal infection and over-the-counter treatments aren’t working or it’s spreading, becoming more painful or interfering with your daily life, it’s time to see a podiatrist. A podiatrist can confirm the diagnosis and recommend an effective course of treatment to help clear the infection, which may include prescription-strength antifungal medications like oral pills or topical creams. In more severe cases, a podiatrist may recommend more serious treatments, like laser therapy or debridement.

Foot fungus may be common, but with the right knowledge and preventative steps, it can be avoided. If you’re dealing with persistent athlete’s foot, a stubborn toenail fungus or simply want to maintain healthy feet, the team at North Texas Foot & Ankle is here to help. Take the first step toward healthier feet and contact us today to book an appointment!